网页快照服务的著作权问题研究
宋乐
北京大学2008届法律硕士研究生，现任职于中国工商银行总行法律部。
摘要
目前搜索引擎服务商普遍使用一种称为“网页快照”的服务，该服务在服务商的服务器硬盘中有选择的保存了他人的网页。本文首先明确了网页快照服务的性质，认为若将网页整体视为著作权法所保护的作品客体，则网页快照保存并使浏览者获得该网页的行为接近于传统意义上的ICP的行为；而网页快照使网页本身所含内容信息得到进一步传播的行为则更接近于传统意义上的ISP的行为，故认为网页快照服务兼具ICP和ISP的性质。然后从这两个角度出发对它的著作权问题分别进行了考查，指出其在目前的法律体系和知识产权理论下，应当将网页整体纳入著作权法所保护的作品客体之中，并且认为网页快照并不侵犯网页作品的署名权和信息网络传播权，但是在修改权、保护作品完整权和复制权问题上目前还难以回避侵权的存在，并且难以用合理使用进行抗辩，但从利益平衡和我国信息网络传播的国情需要出发，认为应考虑扩大许可使用和“避风港”规则的适用范围以降低网页快照服务的侵权风险。丛ISP层面来看，网页快照使得网页上的内容进一步得到传播的行为可能会构成帮助侵权，可以类推适用ISP的侵权归责原则和责任免除规则，即在“红旗标准”下适用“避风港”规则以免除赔偿责任。
关键词：网页快照著作权 ICP ISP 避风港
Abstract
At present, a kind of web searching engine service named as "Snapshot" has appeared, which saves a copy of webpage on the servers of services. This article begins from the features of snapshot. If the whole of webpage can be seen as works protected by copyright law, the snapshot service is similar with ICP (Internet Content Provider). On the other hand, snapshot service broadens the spread of the content of webpages and this feature is similar with ISP (Internet Service Provider). The snapshot service has features of both ICP and ISP. . This article then analyzes the copyright issues of snapshot from the two perspectives and points out that there are indeed some infringement risks according to the present legal system and copyright theory. When talking about ICP, it should be pointed out that snapshot service does not infringe the right of authorship and communication of information on networks. However, the service is difficult to evade the infringement of alteration, integrity and the right of reproduction and cannot use a plea of rational use. This article points out that considering the balance of interests and development of information network, it is advisable to reduce the infringement risks by expanding the edge of permit using and haven rules. In regards to ISP, snapshot service may constitute the contributory infringement and can be applied with the similar principle of tort liability of ISP, which means it can be applied with haven rules under the “ red flag” test to avoid the liability of damage.
Key Words: Snapshot, Copyright, ICP, ISP, Safe Harbors